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The Learning Curve
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The Learning Curve (Weird Science, 1996).iso
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images.doc
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1992-06-23
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Documentation for the images from CT_Ver2.2. August 2,1989
These images are taken from the following disks:
CT : The images sent with the original release: Skull, brain, heart,
spine, abdomen. I have updated the heart image and added a montage
of heart images showing a heart beat.
CT_IM1: A set of misc. images: Brain scan showing shunt, biopsy scan,
brain flow scans, liver flow scans, several 3D reconstructed spines.
KIDNEY: A set of 9 contiguous slices from an abdomen study. Shows abdominal
anatomy nicely.
BHEAD: A complete brain study (14 scans) of a 5 mo old child.
CT_IM2: A scan of some gallstones, a scan of a severe case of pulmonary
fibrosis, and 16 scans from a unique study of a child with a
thoracic kidney.
For more information about CT and about these disks see the file
CT.readme. I have included in this file the original documentation from
the above disks.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
BHEAD.DOC
Documentation for bhead images (from BHEAD disk).
J. Harman 2/10/89
This is a complete head study of a 6 month old infant, a follow up to a head
injury. The scans are 6mm thick at 6mm intervals starting at the orbits
(eyeballs) and covering the entire top of the head. Use s 100 40 to view the
brain, s 1500 0 to view the skull in the early scans.
Execute the file viewimages to see all the scans. The file format is new and
needs CT version 2.0 or later. I have included the latest version of CT and
the help file CT.readme on this disk.
The following is the Imatron scan documentation:
Date : 21-JAN-88
Time : 07:06:00
Patient ID :
Patient Name : M-6M/HEAD
Comments : INFANT HEAD
Diagnostic Comments: F/U HEAD INJURY
Scanner Name : CHILDREN'S
Pixel Length : 0.8203 mm
Number of slices : 14
Number of levels : 14
N times per level : 1
N rows : 256
N cols : 256
Study Type : Volume
Contrast Type : RENO
Contrast Dose : 18.000000 CC
Referring Doctor :
Radiologist :
Technician Initials:
Kernel Type : Normal
Birth Date : 07-01-87
Trigger Type : Timed
Patient Size : Medium
Scanner Mode : Single-slice mode
Slice Thickness : 6.000000 mm
Slice 1 data
Data Location : 15360 bytes
Slice Size : 131072 bytes
Scan Voltage : 129128.203125 V
Scan Current : 0.596000 A
N averaged : 5 (.5 sec scan)
Picture Radius : 210.000000 mm
Elapsed Time : 0.131000 sec
Table Position : 0.000000 mm
Table Height : 140.000000 mm
Table Tilt : 0.000000 degrees
Table Slew : 2.000000 degrees
Patient Orientation: 1: supine head first
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
BIOPSY.DOC
Documentation for biopsy.img (from CT_IM1 disk).
This scan was used to check on the position of a biopsy needle. There is
a soft tissue mass about 3cm in diameter adjacent to the arch of the aorta.
The scan time was .3 sec. This is faster than any other CT scanner. The
short scan time helps to reduce artifacts due to the motion of the heart and
lungs. Use s 800 -600 to see the lungs and needle, s 400 40 to see the
mass, aortic arch, and muscles.
Date : 19-JUL-88
Time : 10:15:18
Patient ID :
Patient Name :
Pixel Length : 1.367188 mm
Number of slices : 3
Number of levels : 3
N times per level : 1
Anatomical Ref. : SN
Study Type : 5: volume
Contrast Type : ANGIOVIST 370
Contrast Dose : 0.000000 CC
Injection Site : LT ARM
Referring Doctor :
Radiologist :
Technician Initials:
Birth Date : 01-APR-31
Trigger Type : 2: timed
Patient Size : 3: large
Diagnostic Comments: LUNG MASS
Scanner Name : ST MARYS HOSP
Scanner Mode : 6: single-slice mode
Slice Thickness : 6.000000 mm
Scan 1 data:
Scan Voltage : 129777.773438 V
Scan Current : 0.632000 A
N Rows : 256
N Columns : 256
N averaged : 3 (.3 sec scan)
Picture Radius : 350.000000 mm
Elapsed Time : 0.131000 sec
Table Position : 60.000000 mm
Table Height : 186.000000 mm
Table Tilt : 0.000000 degrees
Table Slew : 0.000000 degrees
Patient Orientation: 1: supine head first
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
GALL.DOC
Documentation for gall.img (from CT_IM2 disk).
This abdomen scan shows gallstones in a 67 year old female. There are
four of them showing as white dots in the gallbladder, a darker object above
the liver on the left side of the image (right side of the patient). View
with s 500 50. The gallstones are not as easily separated in the lower
resolution image I made for the Amiga. The original is 512x512.
These images are all CT scans of real people. I've included a sampling
of scans of various parts of the body. A CT scan shows anatomy as if
the patient was sliced perpendicular to his long axis. This can be a
little confusing at first. The patient's right side is on the left side
of the image. It is as if you are standing at the patient's feet.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
HEART.DOC
Documentation for heartb.img (from CT disk).
HEARTB.IMG: This is a montage of images of a heart taken every 58msecs. This
is far faster than any other commercial scanner. You can see the
left ventricle (on the right) contract and then relax during the
sequence. Use s 500 50. By delineating the walls of the left
ventricle at end diastole (when relaxed, first row left) and at
end systole (when contracted, second row left) we can calculate
various parameters which characterize how well the heart is
working as a pump. This can be used to diagnose and quantify
heart disease. Here is an image processing sequence which will
outline the significant edges in the image:
(You will need at least 3 buffers.)
First read in heartb.img into buffer 0 and display it on the
left. Then do the following.
v 0 1
g
D 1 (This displays the once smoothed image on right)
v 1 2
g
D 2 (Now the image has been smoothed twice)
v 2 1
g
D 1 (Lots of smoothing gives fewer edge points)
v 1 2
l
s 200 0
D 2 (Now we are displaying the Laplacian of a Gaussian)
f 2 1
l
20
D 1 (This is the final image)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
KIDNEY.DOC
Documentation for kidney images (from KIDNEY disk).
J. Harman 2/27/89
This disk contains 9 contiguous slices from an abdomen scan. The image file
format is a new one and CT version 2.0 and above must be used to view the
images. I am including the latest version of CT on this disk. For more
information on how CT works see the CT.readme file.
To view all the slices execute the viewimages file. It takes about
5 min to display them all. To exit the slideshow type q. To exit from the
CT program click on the close gadget.
Use s 400 0 to view the images. Use s 100 100 to look closer at the liver
and other organs. Many veins, arteries, and other structures have been
enhanced (turned whiter) due to the administration of "contrast". Contrast
is an iodine or barium compound administered orally or intravenously (in this
case) before the scan. It shows up white in CT scans. Parts of the kidneys
and bowels as well as the aorta, inferior vena cava, and hepatic veins have
become white to varying extent due to the contrast. I'm no radiologist
and can't interpret the scans, but I can pick out the spine, liver, aorta,
hepatic veins (faint), inferior vena cava, stomach, spleen, pancreas, kidneys,
gallbladder, and much more.
What follows is the original image file documentation.
File Name : 019235.9D3
Date : 27-JUL-88
Time : 09:39:38
Patient ID :
Patient Name :
Pixel Length : 1.367188 mm
Number of slices : 24
Number of levels : 24
N times per level : 1
Anatomical Ref. : IC
Study Type : Volume
Contrast Type : 130CC ANGIOVIST 282
Referring Doctor :
Radiologist :
Technician Initials:
Kernel Type : normal
Birth Date : 6-18-40
Trigger Type : 2: timed
Patient Size : 3: large
Diagnostic Comments: ABD LYMPHOMA,RESIDUAL MASS,F/U CT
Scanner Name : UCSF CINE-CT
Scanner Mode : 6: single-slice mode
Slice Thickness : 10.000000 mm
Data for slice 1:
Slice Size : 131072 bytes
Scan Direction Flag: 1
Scan Voltage : 129777.773438 V
Scan Current : 0.548000 A
N Rows : 256
N Columns : 256
N averaged : 8 (Scan time is .8 sec)
Picture Radius : 350.000000 mm
Elapsed Time : 0.131000 sec
Table Position : 3700.000000 mm
Table Height : 190.000000 mm
Table Tilt : 0.000000 degrees
Table Slew : 0.000000 degrees
Patient Orientation: 1: supine head first
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
SPINES.DOC
Documentation for 3D spine images (from CT_IM1 disk).
The spine files on this disk are 3D reconstructions of lumbar spines scanned
on an Imatron scanner. The 3D reconstruction process takes a set of standard
CT images (like spine.img in the first CT image disk) and produces a three
dimensional reconstruction of the object of interest (in this case the spine.)
The object can then be viewed from various angles and anatomical relationships
more easily visualized.
spineh and Gspine are normal spines. Tspine has been invaded by a tumor.
spineh was scanned with a 6mm slice width while Gspine and Tspine were
scanned with a 3mm slice width. Each study consists of about 22 - 24 slices.
This covers about 13 cm in the spineh study and about 7cm in the others. The
larger slice width produces a coarser image but covers more of the spine.
The 3D reconstructions were done by a beta release of VIEW3D by PURA labs.
They use only 8 bits per pixel. Use s 140 -830 to view the images.
If you have enough ram for at least two buffers try this:
Read spineh.img into buffer 0. Type v 0 1 (ret) then type u (ret). This
does an unsharp mask convolution on the image and deposits it in buffer 1.
Type d 0 (ret) and D 1 (ret). Notice that the edges in the image have been
enhanced giving the appearance of a sharper image. You can repeat the
convolution on buffer 1 to get an even sharper image.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
TK.DOC
Documentation for tk images (from CT_IM2 disk).
These scans are of a 4 month old male. They are unusual in that the
child was placed crossways ("direct sagittal") in the scanner. This child
has one kidney located in an unusual position in the thorax. It can be
seen in scans 4 - 9. The normal kidney appears indistinctly in scans 18,
19. One help in finding the kidneys is that a small amount of contrast
was gived to the child and this has been concentrated in the kidneys.
Look for small white areas in the thoracic kidney in scans 8 and 9 and in
the normal kidney in scans 18 and 19. Use s 800 0 to view the images.
A very short scan time of .1 sec was used. This and the fact that
the child's legs were out of the reconstruction circle account for the
streaks in the image. If you don't mind the streaks use s 400 0 to view
the images.
The original documentation follows.
File Name : 008749.875
Scanner Name : CHILDREN'S
Date, Time : 13-JAN-88 07:13:00
Pat. Name, ID, DOB : M-4M/CHEST , 686-548 , 09-10-87
Comments : MERGED: 008748.87J 008749.87K
Diagnosis :
Scan Mode, Kernel : 6: single-slice mode, 6: (kernel code)
Pixel Length : 0.927734 mm
Slice Thickness : 6.000000 mm
Slices : 22
Levels, Times : 22 1
N Rows : 512
N Columns : 512
N averaged : 1
Picture Radius : 475.000000 mm
UseDet1, UseDet2 : 0 1
Target : C
Orientation : Direct Sagittal
XOrigin, YOrigin : 0.000000 0.000000 mm
Table Pos, Height : 0.000000 196.000000 mm
Table Tilt, Slew : 0.000000 0.000000 deg